[In brief] Deterrence and intimidation in the Black Sea

(B2) The Black Sea between Ukraine and Russia has for several years been the subject of military, naval and air maneuvers and counter-maneuvers.

On June 23, the British ship transited to a port in Georgia through Ukraine's territorial waters, exercising its right of innocent passage in accordance with international law. At the time of the passage, pre-announced Russian target training was taking place near the shipping route used by the British ship.

According to the British government, Russian ships did not fire any warning shots during the passage of HMS Defender. HNLMS Evertsen was sailing a good distance from HMS Defender in international waters at the time. Although freedom of navigation applies in international waters, the Dutch ship was overtaken by Russian warplanes a short distance away.

Thursday June 24, new operation by Russian planes. A plane repeatedly flies dangerously low over and near HNLMS Evertsen and carries out simulated attacks. This for several hours. The Russian planes were armed.

The Dutch government considers Russia's intimidation activities irresponsible and a violation of the agreements the Netherlands has with Russia regarding the prevention of dangerous situations at sea